design

Practical resources about design for software engineers.

150 results

Patterns for Maintainable Code

Design patterns are not cookbook recipes — they are a shared vocabulary for discussing solutions to recurring problems. Knowing when to apply (and when to avoid) a pattern is a hallmark of senior engineering.

Browse our catalog of creational, structural, and behavioral patterns. Each entry includes a real-world scenario, UML diagrams, implementation in multiple languages, and a discussion of trade-offs. From Singleton to Outbox, find the right tool for your context.

intermediate

Builder Pattern: Step-by-Step Object Construction

Construct complex objects step by step. A creational design pattern for readable, configurable...

builder creational design-pattern java

intermediate

Business Delegate Pattern

Reduce coupling between presentation and business tiers by introducing an intermediary that handles...

pattern design-pattern structural architecture

beginner

Cache-Aside Pattern

Load data into the cache on demand from the backing store. A caching pattern that gives the...

cache-aside pattern design-pattern caching

intermediate

Cache Invalidation Pattern

Strategies for keeping cached data fresh: TTL expiration, explicit invalidation, write-through, and...

caching invalidation pattern redis

advanced

Cache Stampede Prevention Pattern

Prevent thundering herd cache misses with locks, single-flight, stale-while-revalidate and early...

caching pattern distributed-lock redis

intermediate

Chain of Responsibility for Request Processing Middleware

Pass requests along a chain of handlers where each handler decides whether to process the request...

chain-of-responsibility behavioral-patterns nodejs design-pattern

intermediate

Chain of Responsibility Pattern

Pass requests along a chain of handlers until one handles it. A behavioral design pattern for...

chain-of-responsibility pattern design-pattern behavioral

intermediate

Circuit Breaker Pattern in Python, JavaScript, and Java

Prevent cascading failures by stopping requests to failing services. An architectural pattern for...

circuit-breaker pattern architecture-pattern resilience

intermediate

Claim Check Pattern

Store large payloads in external storage and pass a lightweight claim token through the message...

pattern design-pattern messaging storage

intermediate

Command Pattern: Examples in Python, Java & JavaScript

Encapsulate a request as an object so you can queue, log, and undo operations. Command pattern with...

command pattern design-pattern behavioral

intermediate

Command Pattern with Undo/Redo in TypeScript

Implement the Command pattern to encapsulate requests as objects, enabling undo/redo operations,...

command behavioral-patterns typescript design-pattern

advanced

Compensating Transaction Pattern

Undo the effects of a completed transaction by executing a counter-operation, enabling eventual...

pattern design-pattern saga distributed

intermediate

Composite Entity Pattern

Map a coarse-grained entity to multiple database tables by composing dependent objects, so the...

composite pattern design-pattern structural

intermediate

Composite Pattern

Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. A structural design...

composite design-pattern hierarchy java

intermediate

Composite Pattern for UI Component Trees in React

Use the Composite pattern to compose objects into tree structures, letting clients treat individual...

composite structural-patterns react design-pattern

beginner

Content Delivery Network (CDN) Pattern

Distribute static and live content through geographically dispersed edge servers to reduce latency,...

pattern design-pattern edge caching

intermediate

Context Object Pattern: Examples

Reduce parameter bloat by passing a single context object through the call chain. Examples in...

pattern design-pattern behavioral architecture

advanced

CQRS Pattern

Separate read and write models to optimize each for its own workload — when CQRS pays off, when...

architectural architecture cqrs design-pattern

beginner

Data Access Object (DAO) Pattern

Abstract and encapsulate all access to a data source by exposing a clean interface while hiding...

data pattern design-pattern structural

intermediate

Data Mapper Pattern: Keep Domain Models DB-Free

Separate in-memory domain objects from the database by delegating persistence to a dedicated mapper...

data pattern design-pattern structural

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